Application Of Nuclear Energy


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Application Of Nuclear Energy

Applications of Nuclear Energy:

Peaceful Applications: Nuclear reactors fuelled by uranium 235 are used

(i) to generate electricity.

(ii to propel ships.

(iii) to desalt ocean water (reactor-produced heat boils the water).

(iv) to produce the fissionable materials - plutonium 239 and uranium 233

(v) to produce radioisotopes.

(vi) for medical imaging, which has many uses in science, medicine and industry.

Nuclear Reactors: A nuclear reactor is a device in which a controlled, self-sustaining fission or fusion reaction is produced.

Radioactive Waste: A serious problem associated with the use of atomic energy is the handling treatment, and disposal of the radioactive waste products – liquid, solid, and gaseous- it creates. These wastes, such as liquids used in the chemical processing of reactor fuels or as coolants, spent (used-up) solid fuel elements, and gases used as reactor coolants, contain dangerous radioactive materials.

Several methods for the long-term disposal of highly radioactive wastes have been developed and studied. The most widely accepted plan consists of binging the wastes in a glass like or ceramic substance that is very resistant to corrosion. This waste material would be placed deep underground in very stable geological formations where it would remain undisturbed. Long-range plans of several countries include disposal of highly radioactive wastes in granite formations underground or under the sea floor, in frozen clay, and in salt domes.

Nuclear Weapons: Explosive devices that utilise the fission process were originally called atmoic weapons, while those that depend on fusion were known as  hydrogen weapons or thermonuclear weapons. These terms are still used occasionally, but the term nuclear weapons, which designates both fission and fusion as weapons, is used more frequently.

Effect: The explosive  power, or yield, of a nuclear weapon is measured by the number of ions of the explosive trinitrotoluene (TNT) it would take to produce an equivalent blast. Fission bombs are usually measured in kilotons of TNT or thousands of tons, while fusion weapons are frequently measured in megatons of TNT or millions of tons.

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